Abstract
The oxygen lance is a piece of special equipment in the converter steelmaking process for blowing oxygen into the molten steel. After more than 80 years of development, the structure and function of the oxygen lance have undergone many changes. In this paper, based on the theory of hydrodynamics, the jet behavior characteristics of a dual-structure oxygen lance for the converter are determined and optimized by CFD simulations and compared with those of the traditional-structure oxygen lance. The research results show that multiple jets deflect to the central axis of the oxygen lance during movement and the inclination angle of the nozzle holes influences the jet deflection. A decrease in the nozzle hole angle results in an increase in the mutual suction between the streams. With the increasing flow rate through the large holes in the new dual-structure oxygen lance, the dynamic radial pressure increases at the middle of the jet. The jet flow characteristics of the new dual-structure oxygen lance are better than those of the traditional oxygen lance. Its impact on the molten pool includes greater momentum, a larger impact area, and a more uniform and powerful stirring of the molten pool. A nozzle angle of 14° combined with a flow rate ratio of 65% and a nozzle angle of 17° combined with a flow rate ratio of 35% are the optimal parameters for the new dual-structure oxygen lance.
Highlights
Multiple jets draw the medium from the central axis of the oxygen lance during the movement, which causes them to deflect to the central axis of the oxygen lance
Is difference is less obvious for higher impact velocities. It shows that the impact area of the dual-structure oxygen lance is significantly larger than that of the traditional sixhole oxygen lance, but the flow rate ratio has little effect on the impact area
As the oxygen lance position descends, the advantage gradually decreases, and the impact area is smaller than that of the dual-structure oxygen lance at the impact velocity of 70 m/s. e results demonstrate that the jet of the dualstructure oxygen lance features a larger effective impact area and improved stirring of the molten pool
Summary
In this figure, D represents the outer diameter of the oxygen lance, α1 and α2 denote the inclination angle between the large and small holes and the central axis, respectively, L1 and L2 correspond to the distance between the large and small holes and the central axis, respectively, d11 and d21 represent the inlet diameters of the large and small holes, d12 and d22 denote the throat diameters of the large and small holes, and d13 and d23 correspond to the exit diameter of the large and small holes. E identifier of a dual-structure oxygen lance nozzle consists of the values for the large-hole angle, small-hole angle, and the proportion of large-hole flow, while the identifier of a traditional-structure oxygen lance nozzle contains the value of the angle and the number of spray holes. A hexahedral-structured grid was used, and the calculation area consisted of an oxygen lance nozzle and an infinite space.
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