Abstract
Kernel of Moringa oleifera and Strychnos potatorum (Nirmali) seeds has the potential for turbidity removal. However, potential of seed kernel naturally dried in trees and that of sun-dried and oven-dried seeds and other parts, such as coat and wing of Moringa oleifera, has not been explored. In the present study, various forms of kernel and parts of Moringa oleifera seed were used to assess the removal of turbidity aided with/without coagulant aid and ballasting agent. Low (< 12 NTU), medium (> 13 <= 24 NTU) and high turbidity (>= 25 <= 35 NTU) water samples were used in the present study. Micro-sand and powdered activated carbon (PAC) were used as ballasting agents along with Aloe Vera as a coagulant aid/natural polymer. The kernel from seeds naturally dried in Moringa oleifera tree was found to possess more coagulant property. The optimum dose of Moringa oleifera for medium and high turbidity was found to be 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively, with turbidity removal of 90.46% and 88.57%. The optimum dose of Strychnos potatorum was 0.2 mg/L, 0.6 mg/L, and 0.8 mg/L for low, medium and high turbidity, with turbidity removal as 71.42, 64.28 and 57.14%, respectively. Aloe Vera acts as a coagulant aid with the natural coagulants and increases turbidity removal. Ballasting agents micro-sand and PAC, with Aloe Vera and coagulants, increase turbidity removal and reduce the settling time.
Highlights
Surface water is the primary source of potable water supply systems in most of the cases
Effectiveness of kernel and coat of Moringa oleifera seeds for turbidity removal Figure 1 shows the efficiency of turbidity removal by seed kernel and coat of naturally dried seed
The results show that the coat of seed is relatively less efficient and naturally dried seed is more efficient in turbidity removal
Summary
Surface water is the primary source of potable water supply systems in most of the cases. These sources are largely contaminated by surface runoff and wastewater. The turbidity imparted thereby necessitates treatment for its removal before supplied to consumers for potable use. Turbidity is a significant physical water quality parameter and largely contributed by non-settleable solids. Municipal water supply and treatment systems have centralized water treatment system wherein the concept is to treat and supply. In such systems the raw water is treated with physical and chemical treatment viz. In such systems the raw water is treated with physical and chemical treatment viz. coagulation, flocculation,
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