Turbidity decreases anti-predator behaviour in pike larvae, Esox lucius

Abstract

We tested how algal turbidity and light conditions influence anti-predator behaviour of first-feeding pike. Results showed that pike larvae were able to detect the predator by both chemical and visual signals in turbid water. However, the anti-predator behaviour was reduced in turbid water compared with clear water. Larvae hid in the vegetation in the presence of predator cues more in clear water than in turbid water. The attack rate on zooplankton in clear water was lower in the presence of predator cues, whereas no such difference was detected in turbid water. Both of these results indicate that turbidity acted as a refuge for larvae. Light proved to be an important regulating factor for feeding pike in the absence of predators, demonstrated as lowered attack rates in 50 light level in both clear and turbid water. This indicates that long-term turbidity may be critical for small larvae, which need to feed continuously to survive.