Abstract
Turbidimeters operate based on the optical phenomena that occur when incident light through water body is scattered by the existence of foreign particles which are suspended within it. This review paper elaborates on the standards and factors that may influence the measurement of turbidity. The discussion also focuses on the optical fiber sensor technologies that have been applied within the lab and field environment and have been implemented in the measurement of water turbidity and concentration of particles. This paper also discusses and compares results from three different turbidimeter designs that use various optical components. Mohd Zubir and Bashah and Daraigan have introduced a design which has simple configurations. Omar and MatJafri, on the other hand, have established a new turbidimeter design that makes use of optical fiber cable as the light transferring medium. The application of fiber optic cable to the turbidimeter will present a flexible measurement technique, allowing measurements to be made online. Scattered light measurement through optical fiber cable requires a highly sensitive detector to interpret the scattered light signal. This has made the optical fiber system have higher sensitivity in measuring turbidity compared to the other two simple turbidimeters presented in this paper. Fiber optic sensors provide the potential for increased sensitivity over large concentration ranges. However, many challenges must be examined to develop sensors that can collect reliable turbidity measurements in situ.
Highlights
Turbidity analysis is the study of the optical properties that causes light through water to be scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted in straight lines
If a sample contains a significant percentage of sandsize material, stirring, shaking, or agitating the sample before obtaining a subsample will rarely produce an aliquot representative of the sediment concentration and particle-size distribution of the original sample
Water quality fiber sensors presented in this paper introduced an innovative and novel approach for the water turbidity measurement
Summary
Turbidity analysis is the study of the optical properties that causes light through water to be scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted in straight lines. While in the other hand, water quality can be represented in its appearance, which relates to its clarity and defined as turbidity with the standard unit of measurement in NTU In some instances, these two parameters may be correlated. Besides depending on suspended particles, turbidity relies on many other factors such as the presence of organic matter and other floating debris, algae, air bubbles and water discoloration In this instance, correlation of turbidity measurements with suspended particles can arguably be inconsistent due to the existence of large variability in the signal caused by components other than suspended particles [13,14]. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm, silts between 2 μm and 63 μm and sand between 63 μm and 2,000 μm [23,24]
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