Abstract
It is shown that in external fields there may occur an excitation (deformation) of the vacuum state of the electron-positron system which is not accompanied by the processes of real electron-positron pair creation. In the case of the excited vacuum the wavefunctions of the vacuum electrons have both negative-frequency and positive-frequency components. The true meaning of the Klein mechanism of vacuum polarisation is that the 'bare' electron states are 'dressed' by the applied field and as a result the vacuum passes from the ground state to an excited one without creating real pairs. From the real pair creation criterion obtained it is inferred that no real pairs can be created by an arbitrary static field. It follows from the results presented that induced emission of the excited vacuum background is possible, i.e. transitions of the collective vacuum vibrations to the single quasi-particle states may occur. Deformation of the vacuum cannot be correctly taken into account within S-matrix scattering theory because in the latter this process is always interpreted as real pair creation.
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