Abstract
Rockbursts are characterized by violent rock fractures and pose a significant threat to hard-rock tunnels, potentially resulting in casualties and damage to excavation spaces. Globally recognized as one of the least understood and most feared challenges in underground excavations, rockbursts are often triggered by dynamic disturbances such as engineering activities or nearby vibrations. This study conceptualizes rockbursts as dynamic buckling or instability issues inherent in rock structures. It specifically investigates the mechanism of tunnel rockbursts induced by ambient blasting. The derivation of the governing equation of motion, which incorporates shear deformation and rotary inertia of the rock column, results in coupled Mathieu equations. By employing the proposed numerical method, the conditions triggering rockburst were established using instability diagrams. The study examines the effects of static components, dynamic loading, and frequency on a tunnel example, revealing that the amplitude and frequency of dynamic disturbances are critical in influencing the occurrence of tunnel rockbursts through perturbation effects and parametric resonance mechanisms. These insights offer valuable understanding into the mechanisms, mitigation, and control of tunnel rockbursts.
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