Abstract
The main aim of this work is to evaluate how the use of an active protection method, consisting in an improved forced longitudinal ventilation system, can determine a positive impact on heat extraction and people evacuation time in a tunnel fire scenario, by considering a case study which simulations are based on a real gallery.
Highlights
Tunnel fire safety has the ultimate goal of reducing the risk of injury and/or mortality for users, by reducing damage to the tunnel structure and facilitating rescue operations.With increasing number of fire accidents [1] it is necessary to ancillary improve the current fire protection methods and technologies
The present work started from considerations regarding the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate how the use of an active protection method, that is forced longitudinal ventilation, can have an impact on the heat extraction and people evacuation time in a tunnel fire
The obtained results confirmed that CFD simulation do provide a powerful analysis tool for tunnel fires protection analysis; geometry, materials and ventilation can, be represented by taking advantage of a three-dimensional prediction
Summary
Tunnel fire safety has the ultimate goal of reducing the risk of injury and/or mortality for users, by reducing damage to the tunnel structure and facilitating rescue operations.With increasing number of fire accidents [1] it is necessary to ancillary improve the current fire protection methods and technologies. Tunnel fires are very complex phenomena because of the interactions among the general causes of fire (combustion, radiation, etc.), the tunnel geometry (tunnel shape, vehicle geometry, arrangement of vehicles, etc.) and the factors that might cause an increase in fire power (presence and kind of ventilation, back layering effect, presence of bituminous conglomerate causing pyrolysis, etc.) [2] For this reason numerous Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical investigations have been carried out in different tunnel scenarios to predict the smoke movement and temperature distribution [3, 4], by considering various aspects such as: different kind of ventilation systems (longitudinal or naturally ventilated tunnels with roof openings) [5, 6, 7, 8, 9], multiple fire sources, the presence of obstacles [10, 11], extinguishing systems [12], passive fire protection layers on the concrete, etc. Small scale [14, 15] and fullscale [16, 17] experiments were performed to assess smoke removal efficiency, temperature distribution and compression strength of concrete tunnel lining during a fire
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