Tuning Zn2+ coordination environment to suppress dendrite formation for high-performance Zn-ion batteries

Abstract

The short-circuit issue induced by Zn dendrite growth restricts the commercialization of rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, ethylene glycol (EG), a representative of dihydric alcohols, is applied in the aqueous electrolyte to inhibit the detrimental dendrite growth on Zn anode. Our work demonstrates a uniform Zn plating/stripping in H2O/EG hybrid electrolyte with cycling lifespan of up to 2668 h at 0.5 mA cm−2, which is made possible by the substitution of EG for H2O in the solvation sheath of Zn2+ ions. Such a change in the coordination environment of Zn2+ gives rise to decreased diffusivity of the ions and increased over-potential for nucleation, further resulting in even deposition morphology rather than large-scale dendrites. Side reactions are also circumvented by the formation of hydrogen bonds. All these aspects work in synergy to promote the cyclability of the assembled full battery. The low-cost aqueous electrolyte identified in this work opens up new opportunities for manipulating the coordination environments of Zn2+ ions and optimizing the Zn deposition morphology during the design of high-performance ZIBs.