Abstract
The approximately 50 different bacterial tRNAs are structurally quite diverse despite acting as fairly equivalent substrates of the ribosome. We hypothesize that much of this structural diversity has evolved to compensate for the differing physical properties of the esterified amino acid and the codon‐anticodon interaction such that each tRNA can function with similar rate and accuracy. Interestingly, the sequences of tRNAs possessing the same anticodon are also highly diverse among different bacteria suggesting that multiple evolutionary “solutions” are available to optimize tRNA function. Our progress in understanding how the sequences of tRNAs are “tuned” in translation will focus on their interaction with EF‐Tu on and off the ribosome and their ability to efficiently decode the correct codon while avoiding incorporation at incorrect codons.
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