Abstract
The endohedral chemical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) allows for tuning their electronic properties toward applications. It was demonstrated that SWCNTs can be filled with elementary substances, chemical compounds and molecules. In this work, we performed the filling of SWCNTs with metal halogenide (cobalt iodide, CoI2) and metal carbide (nickel carbide, Ni3C). The filling of SWCNTs with CoI2 was conducted by the melt method. The filling of SWCNTs with Ni3C was performed by the thermal treatment of nickelocene-filled nanotubes. The filled SWCNTs were investigated by the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The HRTEM data prove the encapsulation of compounds inside the SWCNTs. By combining the Raman spectroscopy and XPS data, it was shown that the encapsulated CoI2 causes p-doping of nanotubes accompanied by the downshift of the Fermi level of nanotubes. The embedded Ni3C leads to n-doping of SWCNTs with upshifting of the Fermi level of nanotubes. The obtained results allow for applying filled SWCNTs in arange of fields such as nanoelectronics, energy storage, sensors, catalysis and biomedicine.
Highlights
The filled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) attract ever increasing attention of the research community due to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties
The Raman spectroscopy data of the CoI2-filled SWCNTs show the modifications of the radial breathing mode (RBM) and G-bands of SWCNTs
The data show the shifts and changes in peak intensities in the RBM-band of the filled SWCNTs as compared to the pristine SWCNTs. This testified to changes in the electronic properties of SWCNTs due to doping accompanied by the charge transfer between the nanotubes and salt [5]
Summary
The filled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) attract ever increasing attention of the research community due to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties. Tuning the electronic properties of SWCNTs by filling with electron donor and acceptor compounds opens the way for application of the filled nanotubes in various fields, such as nanoelectronics, energy storage, sensors and nanomedicine [1,2,3]. The filled SWCNTs have homogenous properties, including defined metallic or semiconducting conductivity type and electronic properties [4]. It was demonstrated that the SWCNTs can be filled with elementary substances, chemical compounds and molecules [4]. We chose electron acceptor - cobalt iodide (CoI2) and electron donor - nickel carbide (Ni3C) for the encapsulation inside SWCNTs and investigated the modification of the electronic properties of SWCNTs. The properties of filled SWCNTs were analyzed by the high-resolution
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