Tuning of Structural, Dielectric, and Electronic Properties of Cu Doped Co–Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles for Multilayer Inductor Chip Applications

Muhammad Hadi,Khalid Mujasam Batoo,Ankush Chauhan,Yujie Yang,Ritesh Verma,Omar M Aldossary

doi:10.3390/magnetochemistry7040053

Abstract

Herein, we report the synthesis of nanoparticles and doping of Cu-doped Co–Zn ferrites using the auto-combustion sol–gel synthesis technique. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the single-phase structure of the samples with space group Fd3m and crystallite size in the range of 20.57–32.69 nm. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs and selected area electron diffraction patterns confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the ferrite nanoparticles. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed the elemental composition in the absence of any impurity phases. Fourier-transform infrared studies showed the presence of two prominent peaks at approximately 420 cm−1 and 580 cm−1, showing metal–oxygen stretching and the formation of ferrite composite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to determine the oxidation states of Fe, Co, Zn, and Cu and O vacancies based on which cationic distributions at tetrahedral and octahedral sites are proposed. Dielectric spectroscopy showed that the samples exhibit Maxwell–Wagner interfacial polarization, which decreases as the frequency of the applied field increases. The dielectric loss of the samples was less than 1, confirming that the samples can be used for the fabrication of multilayer inductor chips. The ac conductivity of the samples increased with increasing doping and with frequency, and this has been explained by the hopping model. The hysteresis loops revealed that coercivity decreases slightly with doping, while the highest saturation magnetization of 55.61 emu/g was obtained when x = 0.1. The magnetic anisotropic constant was found to be less than 0.5, which suggests that the samples exhibit uniaxial anisotropy rather than cubic anisotropy. The squareness ratio indicates that the samples are useful in high-frequency applications.

Highlights

IntroductionNanoparticles exhibit novel material properties because of their small particle size, which differs from the bulk solid state
We report the structural, morphological, electronic, and dielectric properties of the Cu-substituted Co–Zn ferrites prepared by the sol–gel auto-combustion method for Multilayer chip inductors (MLCIs) and Electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter applications
All the chemicals used to synthesize the nanoparticles of Cu-doped Co–Zn ferrite were of analytical grade (AR) and were used without any further purification

Summary

Introduction

Nanoparticles exhibit novel material properties because of their small particle size, which differs from the bulk solid state. Many reports have shown that the evolution of metallic particle properties depends on their size [1,2]. Ferrites have attracted considerable attention in the scientific community over the past few decades because of their unique and promising electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. Ferrites are one of the good dielectric materials, which have low conductivity or high resistivity that make them an appropriate choice for various applications in devices such as microwave devices, transformers, electric generators, and storage devices [3]. Among the various spinel ferrites that have important properties, cobalt ferrite (CoFe2 O4 ) has been the center of attention and the subject of much

Methods

Results

Conclusion