Abstract
The nature of metal oxide scaffold played a pivotal role for the growth of high quality perovskites and subsequently facilitates efficient photovoltaics devices. We demonstrate an effective way to fabricate a low-temperature TiO2 brookite scaffold layer with a uniform and pinhole-free layer for enhancing photovoltaic properties of perovskite solar cells. Various concentrations of TiCl4 were used to modify brookite TiO2 for efficient charge generation and fast charge extraction. We observed that the brookite layer with an appropriate TiCl4 treatment possesses a smooth surface with full coverage of the substrates, whereas TiCl4 treatment further improves the contact of the TiO2/perovskite interface which facilitates charge extraction and drastically influenced charge recombination. The surface treated brookite scaffolds perovskite devices showed an improved performance with an average power conversion efficiency more than 17%. The time resolved photoluminescence showed that the treated samples have obvious effect on the charge carrier dynamics. The striking observation of this study was very low appearance of hysteresis and high reproducibility in the treated samples, which opens up the possibilities for the fabrication of high efficient devices at relatively low temperatures with negligible hysteresis via facile surface modifications.
Highlights
The renewable energy is one of the most important issues of the present century, and solar energy can be an important contributor to future energy production and demand
power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic-inorganic perovskites are attributed to the excellent requisite properties such as high absorption,[6] tuneable bandgap,[7] and long carrier diffusion lengths,[8,9] while these properties expand the scope of perovskites in light emitting diodes,[10] lasing,[11,12] plasmonics,[13] tandem solar cells,[14,15] X-ray detection,[16] and photodetectors.[17]
Perovskite solar Cells (PSCs) have been studied mainly in two basic architectures, namely, planar and mesoporous, in which the perovskite absorber layer is sandwiched between electron and hole aAuthor to whom correspondence should be addressed
Summary
The renewable energy is one of the most important issues of the present century, and solar energy can be an important contributor to future energy production and demand. Tuning of perovskite solar cell performance via low-temperature brookite scaffolds surface modifications
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