Abstract
In our previous study, we investigated the synergetic effects of inorganic ions, such as silicate, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions on the osteoblast-like cell behaviour. Mg2+ ions play an important role in cell adhesion. In the present study, we designed a new composite that releases a high concentration of Mg2+ ions during the early stage of the bone-forming process, and silicate and Ca2+ ions continuously throughout this process. Here, 40SiO2–40MgO–20Na2O glass (G) with high solubility and vaterite-based calcium carbonate (V) were selected as the source of silicate and Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions, respectively. These particles were mixed with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) using a kneading method at 110°C to prepare the composite (G-V/PLGA, G/V/PLGA = 4/56/40 (in weight ratio)). Most of the Mg2+ ions were released within 3 days of immersion at an important stage for cell adhesion, and silicate and Ca2+ ions were released continuously at rates of 70–80 and 180 ppm d−1, respectively, throughout the experiment (until day 7). Mouse-derived osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 proliferated more vigorously on G-V/PLGA in comparison with V-containing PLGA without G particles; it is possible to control the ion-release behaviour by incorporating a small amount of glass particles.
Highlights
Tissue engineering combining three elements: namely, cells, scaffolds and growth factors, has been attracting attention in recent years as a method for repairing tissues damaged from injury or disease [1]
The peaks derived from QS1i, QS2i and QS3i, which were confirmed to appear at −73, −82 and −91 ppm, respectively, were observed [39]
We believe that the present study demonstrates that the inclusion of a small amount of ion-releasing glass particles might have a positive effect on the stimulation of osteoblast-like cells
Summary
Tissue engineering combining three elements: namely, cells, scaffolds and growth factors, has been attracting attention in recent years as a method for repairing tissues damaged from injury or disease [1]. Proteins typified by bone morphogenetic protein, amino acids and inorganic ions. These proteins and 2 amino acids have many problems such as the need to be supported and released without a loss in their activity [2]. Silicate ions are known as essential elements for metabolic processes involved in bone formation [3]. Silicate ions have been reported to promote the proliferation, differentiation and calcification of osteoblast-like cells [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. It has been reported that Ca2+ ions promote the proliferation, differentiation and calcification of osteoblast-like cells [11,12]
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