Abstract

The interaction between water protons and suitable quadrupolar nuclei (QN) can lead to quadrupole relaxation enhancement (QRE) of proton spins, provided the resonance condition between both spin tr ...

Highlights

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most powerful diagnostic imaging tools in modern medicine

  • At least partially complete nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) data sets are available for several Bi-aryl molecules [39], and these qualify some of them to be promising for quadrupole relaxation enhancement (QRE) because they possess NQR transitions close to the frequencies that are required at clinical field strengths, i.e., 1.5 and 3 T

  • For samples 5 and 7, we identified two superimposed spectra corresponding to different Bi sites in the crystal (5A, 5B and 7A, 7B, respectively)

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Summary

Introduction

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most powerful diagnostic imaging tools in modern medicine. To further increase contrast and, sensitivity, signal enhancement strategies have been developed involving the use of relaxation enhancers, so-called contrast agents (CAs). The most widely used CAs are paramagnetic chelates based on gadolinium (Gd) that shorten the T1 of free water protons [1]. Nanoparticles composed of paramagnetic iron oxides predominantly shorten T2 [2]. These CAs are administered to patients, leading to an improved soft tissue contrast in either T1 or T2 weighted sequences. MRI is nowadays employed for both morphological and functional imaging, such as dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) in cancer diagnostics [3]. MRI is increasingly used in the context of cellular and molecular imaging [4], the aim of which is to provide spatially and temporally resolved maps of biomarkers, which contain information on pathophysiological

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