Tuning heterogeneous microstructure and improving mechanical properties of twin-roll strip cast low carbon steels by on-line heat treatments

Abstract

Coarse austenite grains are unavoidable in the low carbon steels processed by twin-roll strip casting. Unfortunately, the polygonal ferrite (PF) grains cannot be refined by conventional on-line cooling process, resulting in low strength. In this work, an on-line heat treatment including reaustenitizing and subsequent controlled cooling was performed in laboratory to form heterogeneous microstructures composed of PF and acicular ferrite (AF). It has been founded that increased prior austenite grain size and the cooling rate led to more AF laths, which inhibited the growth of PF grains. When the prior austenite grain size is less than 60 μm, the formation of AF is suppressed. The tensile tests indicate that the heterostructured steels exhibited higher yield strength than the samples without AF. The improvement of yield strength can be attributed to the grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening and back stress strengthening. The higher AF volume fraction leads to higher dislocation density in PF grains, and more AF/PF interfaces may increase the amount of accumulated geometrically necessary dislocations. Therefore, the contributions of dislocation and back stress strengthening increase with the increase of AF volume fractions. High dislocation density and the generation of back stress contribute a high strain hardening rate to delay the necking and sustain good plasticity. Moreover, the heterostructured steels exhibit the two-stage work hardening behavior during tensile test, which indicates that plastic deformation starts in PF grains while the AF laths remain in elastic state, and then plastic deformation occurs in both strain hardened PF grains and AF laths.