Abstract
Among the zeolitic catalysts for the ethylene-to-propylene (ETP) reaction, the SSZ-13 zeolite shows the highest catalytic activity based on both its suitable pore architecture and tunable acidity. In this study, in order to improve the propylene selectivity further, the surface of the SSZ-13 zeolite was modified with various amounts of tungsten oxide ranging from 1 wt% to 15 wt% via a simple incipient wetness impregnation method. The prepared catalysts were characterized with several analysis techniques, specifically, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H2-TPR), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and N2 sorption, and their catalytic activities were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor system. The tungsten oxide-modified SSZ-13 catalysts demonstrated significantly improved propylene selectivity and yield compared to the parent H-SSZ-13 catalyst. For the tungsten oxide loading, 10 wt% loading showed the highest propylene yield of 64.9 wt%, which was 6.5 wt% higher than the pristine H-SSZ-13 catalyst. This can be related to not only the milder and decreased strong acid sites but also the diffusion restriction of bulky byproducts, as supported by scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) observation.
Highlights
IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
Considering the olefin metathesis effect, the H-SSZ-13 zeolite was modified with tungsten oxide for the ETP reaction in order to improve the propylene selectivity
WO3 was introduced via a simple incipient wetness impregnation method and the amount of WO3 was varied from 1 wt% to 15 wt%
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The light olefins (C2 –C4 ) are essential products of the petrochemical industry and are currently being produced mainly by steam naphtha cracking and fluid catalytic cracking. The production of propylene in these processes is not sufficient to meet the increasing global demand [1]. To fill the gap between propylene supply and increasing demand, on-purpose production technologies of propylene (propane dehydrogenation, catalytic cracking of C4 alkenes, methanol-to-propylene, olefin metathesis, ethylene-topropylene, etc.) have been proposed as alternatives to the industrial processes [2,3,4,5,6]
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