Abstract
This article discusses the peculiarities of mineral composition and a fluid inclusions (FIs further in the text) study of the Kholtoson W and Inkur W deposits located within the Dzhida W-Mo ore field (Southwestern Transbaikalia, Russia). The Mo mineralization spatially coincides with the apical part of the Pervomaisky stock (Pervomaisky deposit), and the W mineralization forms numerous quartz veins in the western part of the ore field (Kholtoson vein deposit) and the stockwork in the central part (Inkur stockwork deposit). The ore mineral composition is similar at both deposits. Quartz is the main gangue mineral; there are also present muscovite, K-feldspar, and carbonates. The main ore mineral of both deposits is hubnerite. In addition to hubnerite, at both deposits, more than 20 mineral species were identified; they include sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, bornite, etc.), sulfosalts (tetrahedrite, aikinite, stannite, etc.), oxides (scheelite, cassiterite), and tellurides (hessite). The results of mineralogical and fluid inclusions studies allowed us to conclude that the Inkur W and the Kholtoson W deposits were formed by the same hydrothermal fluids, related to the same ore-forming system. For both deposits, the fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures varied within the range ~195–344 °C. The presence of cogenetic liquid- and vapor-dominated inclusions in the quartz from the ores of the Kholtoson deposit allowed us to estimate the true temperature range of mineral formation as 413–350 °C. Ore deposition occurred under similar physical-chemical conditions, differing only in pressures of mineral formation. The main factors of hubnerite deposition from hydrothermal fluids were decreases in temperature.
Highlights
Tungsten mineralization worldwide is spatiotemporally associated with granitic plutons and forms a large variety of ore deposits including breccias, veins-stockworks, greisens, skarns, pegmatites, and porphyries [1,2]
The previous studies showed that all three deposits of the Dzhida ore field are genetically related to the one granitoid intrusion
The deposit frames the Pervomaisky granite-porphyry massif in the form of a semicircle on the southwestern, western, and northwestern sides
Summary
Tungsten mineralization worldwide is spatiotemporally associated with granitic plutons and forms a large variety of ore deposits including breccias, veins-stockworks, greisens, skarns, pegmatites, and porphyries [1,2]. Despite their being well-described in the literature and having been researched on this quartz vein-type wolframite deposit, there is still considerable uncertainty about key issues related to the genesis of these deposits, such as the source of the ore metal, the origin of the ore fluids, and the mechanisms of ore precipitation. The ore field includes large industrial deposits: Pervomaiskoe, Inkur, and Kholtoson These are the largest sources of W and Mo in Russia. The previous studies showed that all three deposits of the Dzhida ore field are genetically related to the one granitoid intrusion
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