Tunable voltage-mode four inputs universal biquad using three DVCCs

Abstract

A voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter with four input terminals and one output terminal is presented. The proposed circuit uses three differential voltage current conveyors (DVCCs), three resistors and two grounded capacitors. The proposed circuit can realize all the standard filter functions, namely, lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch and allpass without component matching conditions. The proposed circuit offers the features of using grounded capacitors and orthogonal controllability of resonance angular frequency and quality factor.