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Abstract
Subwavelength cells of metallic nanorods arrayed in a dielectric background, termed “metamaterials”, present bulk properties that are useful to control and manipulate surface plasmon resonances. Such feature finds tremendous potential in providing a broad manifold of applications for plasmonic optical sensors. In this paper, we propose a surface-plasmon-resonance-based sensor with spectral response tunable by the volume fraction of silver present in a metamaterial layer deposited on a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber. Using computational simulations, we show that sensitivity and resolution can be hugely altered by changing the amount of constituents in the metamaterial, with no further modifications in the structure of the sensor. Moreover, the designed sensor can also be applied to label the average volume fraction of silver in the metamaterial layer and then to estimate its effective constitutive parameters.
Highlights
Electromagnetic modes arising from the coupling between photons and free-electron oscillations at a conducting surface, known as surface plasmons-polaritons, introduced a revolution in the field of optical sensing
Small variations in the refractive index of the analyte change significantly the mode phase and losses of the surface plasmon mode. This dependence can be tailored with the application of optical metamaterials, artificial structured media designed to achieve a set of properties not typically found in nature
Field enhancement can be favored in a large extent when metamaterials with metallic inclusions are used in the construction of a compacted optical sensor [8,9,10], providing an alternative to plasmonic sensors composed of metallic films [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] or individual metallic nanostructures on optical fibers, the latter typically harder to simulate and fabricate [12]
Summary
Electromagnetic modes arising from the coupling between photons and free-electron oscillations at a conducting surface, known as surface plasmons-polaritons, introduced a revolution in the field of optical sensing. The characteristics of an SPR sensor rely on the dependence of the optical fields associated with the plasmon mode on the geometry and nature of the conducting layer as well as on the refractive index of the surrounding media ( known as analyte). Small variations in the refractive index of the analyte change significantly the mode phase and losses of the surface plasmon mode. This dependence can be tailored with the application of optical metamaterials, artificial structured media designed to achieve a set of properties not typically found in nature. Field enhancement can be favored in a large extent when metamaterials with metallic inclusions are used in the construction of a compacted optical sensor [8,9,10], providing an alternative to plasmonic sensors composed of metallic films [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] or individual metallic nanostructures on optical fibers, the latter typically harder to simulate and fabricate [12]
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