Tunable plasmonic hybrid photonic device based on squared graphene and black phosphorus metamaterials

Abstract

The yearning to utilize and control the captivating property of two-dimensional carbon materials has attracted plenty of attention in biosensing and optoelectronics. In this paper, we proposed a novel graphene-black phosphorus (BP) hybrid photonic device to exhibit strong absorption of 97.0 % at 12.23 μm in the x-direction and it is 93.3 % at 13.42 μm in the y-direction. Due to the surface plasmon resonance of graphene and distinctive anisotropic effective electron masses of black phosphorus along the armchair and zigzag axes, the electromagnetic coupling achieves an enhanced performance than individual graphene or BP layer. Additionally, by adjusting the Fermi energy of graphene, the doping level of BP, and the geometric parameters, the resonant absorption peaks can be tuned independently in both TE and TM polarization. The advantages of our proposed plasmonic hybrid photonic device include high anisotropic resonance, flexible tunability, great stability, and a simple design. These make it promising for applications in photodetectors, polarizers, and imaging systems.