Abstract
We investigate a framework of local field, quality factor and lifetime for tunable graphene nanoribbon plasmonic-photonic absorbers and study the second order and third order nonlinear optical response of surface plasmons. The energy exchange of plasmonic-photonic absorber occurs in two main ways: one way is the decay process of intrinsic loss for each resonant mode and another is the decay process of energy loss between graphene surface plasmon (GSP) mode and the external light field. The quality factor and lifetime of the plasmonic-photonic absorber can be obtained with using the coupled mode theory (CMT) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, which are effectively tunable with changing Fermi energy, carrier mobility and superstrate refractive index. The evolutions of total energy and lifetime of GSP are also shown, which are helpful for the study of micro processes in a two-dimensional material plasmonic-photonic absorber. The strongly localized fundamental field induces a desired increase of second harmonic (SH) wave and third harmonic (TH) wave. The manipulation of the quality factor and lifetime of the GSP makes graphene an excellent platform for tunable two-dimensional material plasmonic-photonic devices to realize the active control of the photoelectric/photothermal energy conversion process and higher harmonic generation.
Highlights
The two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and black phosphorus, have fantastic and unique properties, such as being dynamically tunable with chemical doping or electrostatic gate, which makes 2D materials an excellent plasmonic platform for dynamically tunable devices [1,2,3,4]
According to the different applications modulated by carrier mobility by changing the type and quantity of impurities and workand requirements, the total quality factor and lifetime τ can be modulated by carrier m m ing temperature
We investigate a framework of the local field enhancement, photon flux density, quality factor and lifetime for tunable graphene plasmonic-photonic structure and study the second order and third order nonlinear optical response of grapheme surface plasmons
Summary
The two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and black phosphorus, have fantastic and unique properties, such as being dynamically tunable with chemical doping or electrostatic gate, which makes 2D materials an excellent plasmonic platform for dynamically tunable devices [1,2,3,4]. We set a framework to study the characteristic of graphene nanoribbons (GN) plasmonic-photonic absorbers, including the local field, density of photon flux, quality factor and lifetime, and to study the second order and third-order nonlinear optical response of GSP. The strongly localized fundamental field induces a desired increase of TH wave and SH wave, which includes second harmonic signal, sum frequency signal and difference frequency signal in the SH wave These methods are useful for investigating the optical intrinsic loss process or optical coupling loss process in 2D materials based plasmonic-photonic devices to realize the active control of the photoelectric/photothermal energy conversion process such as solar energy conversion [34], photoelectric conversion [35], nanoantenna [36], plasmonic hot carriers controlled higher harmonic generation [37] and high-sensitivity sensing [38,39]. The ability to tune the maximal radiative quality factor from infinite to finite is a unique property for trapped light within the radiation continuum
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