Tunable injection-seeded fan-out-PPLN optical parametric oscillator for high-sensitivity gas detection

Abstract

We demonstrate the possibility to enhance spectroscopic and lidar capabilities of mid-infrared pulsed optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) based on fan-out periodically-poled lithium niobate (fan-out PPLN) by combining their own wavelength tunability with tunable continuous-wave injection seeding. To that effect, we have developed an original test-bed singly-resonant OPO configuration in which continuous wavelength tuning via intracavity translation of the fan-out PPLN is assisted by simultaneous tuning of a narrow-linewidth fiber-coupled seed diode laser. It is shown that such an approach provides strong (at least by one order of magnitude) spectral narrowing, wavelength stabilization and beam-quality improvement for the signal and idler radiations (tunable around 1.54 μm and 3.33 μm, respectively). The achieved spectral narrowing does not noticeably affect the OPO output pulse energy, but allows fine wavelength tuning and significantly increases the power spectral density which can be available at an analyzed gas absorption line. Thus, it leads to a noticeable increase in sensitivity of the photoacoustic gas sensing carried out with the developed OPO. We have achieved an almost double (∼80%) increase in the photoacoustic response of a methane detector to the reference gas mixture with low concentration methane. The application of the method can be simply extended to many gas absorptions lines within the range 3.1–3.4 μm, due to the potentially wide tunability of the developed OPO. The demonstrated OPO features simplicity, reliability and energy efficiency. It can advance various LIDAR techniques due to the unique combination of spectral and energy characteristics.