Tunable infrared plasmonic waveguides using graphene based hyperbolic metamaterials

Abstract

We theoretically propose and numerically analyze a tunable infrared plasmonic waveguide which cladded by the graphene-based hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs). Our investigation shows that graphene-based HMMs-Insulator-HMMs (G-HIH) plasmonic waveguides have an excellent performance in term of field localization and tunability for TM polarization at the long wavelength. Moreover, we compare the G-HIH plasmonic waveguides to the metal-based HIH (M-HIH) plasmonic waveguides, and it is found that G-HIH plasmonic waveguides have a longer propagation length and larger figure of merit (FoM) at the long wavelength. But G-HIH plasmonic waveguides have a slightly larger penetration depths than M-HIH plasmonic waveguides. Our results reveal that G-HIH plasmonic waveguides have the potential applications at the long wavelength for TM polarization.