Abstract

We describe an artificial spin ice (ASI) composed of exchange biased heterostructured nanomagnetic elements with unidirectional anisotropy and compare it with a conventional ASI constituted by ferromagnets with uniaxial anisotropy (Ising spins). The introduction of a local exchange bias field, aligned along one of the sublattices of the square ASI, lifts the spin-reversal symmetry of the vertices. By varying the lattice constant of the square array, we control the ratio of exchange bias (EB) to dipolar field (${H}_{\mathrm{EB}}/{H}_{\mathrm{dip}}$) and tune the ground state from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic configuration with an effective magnetic moment. The geometric frustration of dipolar interactions is moderated by a nonfrustrated local field, leading to a mesoscopic system with specific metastable states observed during the demagnetization process.

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