Abstract
A compact and robust Mach-Zehnder type interferometer coupled with the double optical gating technique provides tunable isolated attosecond pulses and streak field detection with fields centered at either 750 nm or 400 nm. Isolated attosecond pulses produced at 45 eV (with measured pulse duration of 114 ± 4 as) and 20 eV (with measured pulse duration of 395 ± 6 as) are temporally characterized with a 750 nm wavelength streak field. In addition, an isolated 118 ± 10 as pulse at 45 eV is measured with a 400 nm wavelength streak field. The interferometer design used herein provides broad flexibility for attosecond streak experiments, allowing pump and probe pulses to be specified independently. This capability is important for studying selected electronic transitions in atoms and molecules.
Highlights
The generation of isolated attosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) region, 30-250 eV, and the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region, 6-30 eV [1], has a profound impact on the study of dynamics of electrons in atoms [2,3,4,5,6], molecules [7,8] and solids [6,9]
A compact and robust Mach-Zehnder type interferometer coupled with the double optical gating technique provides tunable isolated attosecond pulses and streak field detection with fields centered at either 750 nm or 400 nm
Isolated attosecond pulses produced at 45 eV and 20 eV are temporally characterized with a 750 nm wavelength streak field
Summary
The generation of isolated attosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) region, 30-250 eV, and the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) region, 6-30 eV [1], has a profound impact on the study of dynamics of electrons in atoms [2,3,4,5,6], molecules [7,8] and solids [6,9] Such pulses are produced by high harmonic generation (HHG) from few-cycle Ti:sapphire laser pulses, To date, the shortest isolated attosecond pulses produced, with a duration of 80 as (bandwidth 55110 eV), were generated with linearly polarized 3.5 fs driving laser pulses and characterized by attosecond streaking [10]. The optical fields necessary for the measurement are formed using a compact and robust MZ type interferometer located completely outside of the vacuum chamber
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