Abstract
Liquid lenses are the simplest and cheapest optical lenses, and various studies have been conducted to develop tunable-focus liquid lenses. In this study, a simple and easily implemented method for achieving tunable-focus liquid lenses was proposed and experimentally validated. In this method, charges induced by a corona discharge in the air were injected into dielectric liquid, resulting in “electropressure” at the interface between the air and the liquid. Through a 3D-printed U-tube structure, a tunable-focus liquid lens was fabricated and tested. Depending on the voltage, the focus of the liquid lens can be adjusted in large ranges (−∞ to −9 mm and 13.11 mm to ∞). The results will inspire various new liquid-lens applications.
Highlights
There has been a long history since liquid surfaces were adopted as optical lenses [1,2]
Due to the surface tension effect, liquid surfaces usually present a spherical shape and capillary pressure exists on the surfaces
The capillary pressure varies with the surface morphology [20]
Summary
There has been a long history since liquid surfaces were adopted as optical lenses [1,2]. In order to utilize the advantages, it is essential to manipulate the liquid surface morphology. External forces are introduced to balance the capillary pressure, and the liquid surface morphologies are tuned by the imposed external forces [21].
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