Tunable and high-sensitivity temperature-sensing method based on weak-value amplification of Goos–Hänchen shifts in a graphene-coated system

Abstract

We propose a tunable and high-sensitivity temperature-sensing method via weak-value amplification of Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts in a graphene-coated system. The GH shifts were sensitive to the temperature, which was mainly attributed to the variations in the substrate’s refractive index with the temperature. By introducing the weak-value amplification technique, a temperature-sensing method was produced, in which the sensing sensitivity was two orders of magnitude higher and could be effectively manipulated by adjusting the amplified angle. The sensitivity was improved by regulating the graphene’s Fermi energy. Based on these findings, we obtained a maximum sensitivity of 1.3×105 nm/∘C by using the appropriate Fermi energy and amplification angle. These studies expand the practical applications of GH shifts, and provide the potential for developing high-sensitivity temperature sensors based on weak-value amplification.