Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (ECa) is the most common neoplasia of the female genital system. There are two basic types of ECa, endometrioid (estrogen related, indolent) and non-endometrioid (estrogen unrelated, aggressive). The tp53 is a tumour suppressor gene (17pl3) encoding a DNA-binding phosphoprotein P53, 53kDa, a transcription factor that mediates the cell's response to various kinds of genotoxic stress by preventing cell division and/or inducing DNA excise repair or apoptosis. Tp53 alterations results in an aberrant P53 with a longer half-life that accumulates in the cell. A total of 40 archived formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human biopsy tissue specimens with normal proliferative endometrium, endometrioid grade G1 and G3 and serous (SC) subtype of ECa were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for P53 expression/accumulation in nuclei of endometrial-epithelial cells; and by molecular biology methods for the exons 5-8 tp53 DNA sequence alterations. The expression/accumulation of tp53/P53 was related only to aggressive (mainly SC) types of ECa. Tp53 mutations (substitutions) were detected in SC only. There is no expression/accumulation of tp53/P53 in normal endometrium. The tp53/P53 expression/accumulation and tp53 mutations presence are associated with aggressive type of ECa. Evaluation of tp53/P53 in ECa could be a relevant component useful in research and clinical practice.
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