Abstract
Dengue infection burden has been predicted increase three times greater recently. Severe dengue infection associated with the high generation of inflammatory cytokines leads to vascular endothelial instability. Hence, the current study aim to evaluate the level of TNF-α among travellers infected with DENV in Bali. An observational prospective study has been conducted on travellers presenting with dengue symptoms who admitted at Kasih Ibu Hospital Bali in 2017. Majority of the sample was female (61%) which median (range) age was 29 (15.4-73.1) years old. The median (range) nadir platelet was 74(29-194) 103cell/μL. The temporal predominant serotype was DENV-3 (29.3%), followed by DENV-2 (24.4%), DENV-1 (13.6%), and DENV-4 (2.4%). The study found concurrent DENV infection. Diagnosis of DF was almost equal with DHF. Level of TNF-α found 3 times higher in DHF than DF patients.
Highlights
Dengue virus (DENV) infection has become a major threat and serious public health problem worldwide
This study was a cross-sectional study on 41 serum of travellers infected with dengue virus that were admitted to the Kasih Ibu Hospital, Bali
Dengue is hyper-endemic in Indonesia and all 33 provinces of Indonesia have reported the incidence of dengue [19]
Summary
Dengue virus (DENV) infection has become a major threat and serious public health problem worldwide. More than 2.5 billion people in tropical and sub-tropical countries are at high risk to get DENV infection [1]. The prevalence of DENV infection has been reported to be increase 3 times greater than the WHO prediction, recently [2]. The annual DENV case has been reported as high as 390 million cases per year with 96 million symptomatic cases [3]. Mortality rate of DENV may exceed 5% in particular population such as too young cases, elderly, pregnant, immune compromise or people with pre-existing illnesses [3]. Infection by one DENV serotype confers life-long immunity, and partial nonneutralizing antibody to the others serotype [5], [6]. Role of nonstructural protein (NS)-1 in dengue severity has been evaluated elsewhere [7], [9]
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