Abstract
Background and ObjectiveConflicting data have been reported on the association between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) –308G>A and nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) +894G>T polymorphisms and migraine. We performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies to evaluate whether the TNF –308G>A and NOS3 +894G>T polymorphisms confer genetic susceptibility to migraine.MethodWe performed an updated meta-analysis for TNF –308G>A and a meta-analysis for NOS3 +894G>T based on studies published up to July 2014. We calculated study specific odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) assuming allele contrast, dominant model, recessive model, and co-dominant model as pooled effect estimates.ResultsEleven studies in 6682 migraineurs and 22591 controls for TNF –308G>A and six studies in 1055 migraineurs and 877 controls for NOS3 +894G>T were included in the analysis. Neither indicated overall associations between gene polymorphisms and migraine risk. Subgroup analyses suggested that the “A” allele of the TNF –308G>A variant increases the risk of migraine among non-Caucasians (dominant model: pooled OR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.15 – 2.87). The risk of migraine with aura (MA) was increased among both Caucasians and non-Caucasians. Subgroup analyses suggested that the “T” allele of the NOS3 +894G>T variant increases the risk of migraine among non-Caucasians (co-dominant model: pooled OR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.14 – 3.88).ConclusionsOur findings appear to support the hypothesis that the TNF –308G>A polymorphism may act as a genetic susceptibility factor for migraine among non-Caucasians and that the NOS3 +894G>T polymorphism may modulate the risk of migraine among non-Caucasians.
Highlights
Migraine is characterized by recurrent, moderate to severe, throbbing headache attacks, associated with photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and vomiting
Eleven studies in 6682 migraineurs and 22591 controls for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) –308G>A and six studies in 1055 migraineurs and 877 controls for nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) +894G>T were included in the analysis
Subgroup analyses suggested that the “A” allele of the TNF –308G>A variant increases the risk of migraine among non-Caucasians
Summary
Migraine is characterized by recurrent, moderate to severe, throbbing headache attacks, associated with photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and vomiting. Migraine is remarkably common, affecting approximately 11% of the adult population around the world [1] and 9.3% in China [2]. This condition is associated with high financial costs, reported to cost $18.5 billion Euros per year in Europe [3], and is listed as one of the top 20 most debilitating disorders according to the World Health Organization [4]. Conflicting data have been reported on the association between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) –308G>A and nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) +894G>T polymorphisms and migraine. We performed a meta-analysis of case-control studies to evaluate whether the TNF –308G>A and NOS3+894G>T polymorphisms confer genetic susceptibility to migraine
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