Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Abstract

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncological emergency that occurs when cancer cells are rapidly destroyed, causing metabolic disturbances and potentially life-threatening complications. It is essential to promptly prevent and recognize TLS to ensure effective management. TLS can lead to endothelial dysfunction, hyperuricemia, and/or acute renal failure. Additionally, it commonly manifests as metabolic imbalances such as hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia. In this review, we aim to offer a comprehensive understanding of TLS, including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, and clinical presentation.