Abstract
This is an overview of current problematics regarding the role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in malignant melanomas. Various and often conflicting data have been published, correlating tumor type, stage, prognosis, as well as sex and age of patients. This is partly due to heterogeneity in scaling systems and unstandardized TILs grading but also due to changes of tumor-host interactions. Melanomas are an immunologically heterogeneous group with variability of TILs, where distinct gene expression patterns were found in tumors with absent, and/or non- brisk TIL grade versus brisk TIL grade. However, the presence of TILs alone appears to be inadequate for implicating them as immunologically functional. Further characterisation of TIL phenotype and function is warranted. This especially concerns, evaluation of TILs of the suppressor phenotype but rather than as a prognostic factor, more for prediction of targeted immunotherapy.
Highlights
Tumor growth is a complex process that involves numbers of interactions between tumor cells and immune host system through multiple cellular and molecular factors in the tumor specific microenvironment
Many genetic and epigenetic alterations in cancer cells provide a diverse set of antigens[1], which are recognized by the immune system
As the main effector mechanism of antitumor immune response is direct cells lysis through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I recognizing CD8+ Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL), the key role of CD4+ T cells is in the activation of CTL
Summary
Tumor growth is a complex process that involves numbers of interactions between tumor cells and immune host system through multiple cellular and molecular factors in the tumor specific microenvironment. The role of CD8+T lymphocytes CD8+T cells belong to main subsets of T cells that constitutively mediate an effective antitumor response Their transfer to patients with melanomas has been shown to be associated with beneficent therapeutic effect. As the main effector mechanism of antitumor immune response is direct cells lysis through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I recognizing CD8+ CTL (cytotoxic lymphocytes), the key role of CD4+ T cells is in the activation of CTL. Based on their cytokine profile, CD4+ T-cell response can be sub-classified into different types. Effective anti-tumor immunity seems to be a result of balance cooperation between Th1 and Th2 cell types
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Schedule a callMore From: Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia
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