Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor as a prognostic factor during follow-up of bladder cancer

Abstract

Objectives To evaluate the prognostic value of tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in the serum and urine of patients in follow-up for urinary bladder cancer. Methods Serum and urine samples were taken during follow-up of 157 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who were monitored by cystoscopy and cytology in 1986 to 1987. Initially, 117 (75%) of the 157 tumors were superficial. At the time of sampling, 93 patients (59%) had no detectable tumor and 48 (31%) had a superficial, and 16 (10%) an invasive, tumor. Cancer-specific survival was evaluated in 1998. Results During follow-up, 35 patients (22%) died of bladder cancer. An elevated TATI concentration in the serum (21 μg/L or more) was associated with a significantly shorter survival ( P <0.001) compared with a normal value. Multivariate analysis showed that serum TATI and detectable cancer at sampling were independent prognostic factors ( P <0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively), and age, grade, urine cytology findings, and urine TATI were not. Conclusions Serum TATI is an independent prognostic factor in transitional cell carcinoma and is potentially useful for the identification of patients with an adverse prognosis.