Abstract
Between 2000 and 2050, the number of new cancer patients diagnosed annually is expected to double, with an accompanying increase in treatment costs of more than $80 billion over just the next decade. Efficacious strategies for cancer prevention will therefore be vital for improving patients' quality of life and reducing healthcare costs. Judah Folkman first proposed antiangiogenesis as a strategy for preventing dormant microtumors from progressing to invasive cancer. Although antiangiogenic drugs are now available for many advanced malignancies (colorectal, lung, breast, kidney, liver, brain, thyroid, neuroendocrine, multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome), cost and toxicity considerations preclude their broad use for cancer prevention. Potent antiangiogenic molecules have now been identified in dietary sources, suggesting that a rationally designed antiangiogenic diet could provide a safe, widely available, and novel strategy for preventing cancer. This paper presents the scientific, epidemiologic, and clinical evidence supporting the role of an antiangiogenic diet for cancer prevention.
Highlights
Cancer affects as many as 24 million people worldwide, and results in over six million deaths each year [1]
Antiangiogenic therapy has been validated as an effective cancer treatment strategy for a growing number of cancer types, including colorectal, renal, liver, lung, brain, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), multiple myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndrome [20]
Tissue expression of VEGF was increased, correlating to increased tumor vessel density [101]. These data demonstrate that angiogenesis is a discrete, genetically regulated and rate-limiting step during multistep tumorigenesis, that the transition from prevascular to vascular phase is accompanied by the production and release of one or more angiogenic growth factors, and that host inflammatory cells may amplify the angiogenic switch by contributing additional stimuli
Summary
Cancer affects as many as 24 million people worldwide, and results in over six million deaths each year [1]. Angiogenesis plays a role in hematogenous malignancies, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, as well as in premalignant myelodysplastic syndromes [13,14,15,16,17]. In these pathologies, vascular endothelial cells sustain and promote malignant cell growth by secreting paracrine survival factors [18, 19]. Antiangiogenic therapy has been validated as an effective cancer treatment strategy for a growing number of cancer types, including colorectal, renal, liver, lung, brain, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), multiple myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndrome [20]. This paper presents the scientific and clinical evidence supporting antiangiogenesis as a rational strategy for the prevention of cancer, exploiting factors that are naturally present in dietary sources
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