Abstract

This article reviews the various facets of retinoblastoma: definition, incidence, epidemiology, modes of discovery, clinical patterns, diagnostic clues, and differential diagnosis. Management is discussed, a recent trend being decreased use of external-beam radiation therapy; enucleation and conservative treatment are defined. The article also covers pathologic and cytogenetic findings, as well as external-beam radiation therapy, cryotherapy, photocoagulation, brachytherapy, and thermochemotherapy. Follow-up and genetic counselling are discussed. Extra-ocular retinoblastoma is reviewed, with emphasis on causes and management. Finally, other retinal tumours are briefly reviewed: combined hamartoma of the fovea and retinal pigment epithelium, benign congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, retinal astrocytoma, and retinal capillary angioma.

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