Étude phytochimique et activité antifongique in vitro des huiles essentielles de quatre espèces du genre Nepeta du Maroc

Abstract

The genus Nepeta, belongs to the family of Lamiaceae. In this work, our objective was to define the chemical composition of essential oils of these Moroccan four species of the genus Nepeta: Nepeta tuberosa, Nepeta granatensis, Nepeta cataria and Nepeta atlantica then test their antifungal activity potentially pathogenic fungi on Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, Aspergillus Niger, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton rubrum. The study of the chemical composition of essential oils was performed using the techniques of reference that are the gas chromatography; the gas chromatography coupled mass spectroscopy as well as the usual methods of organic chemistry. The study of the antifungal activity was carried out by dilution method in solid. The essential oils of four species were analyzed similar chemical compositions, 25 constituents minority, and amajor constituent of type nepetalactone, present rates of 71.40 to 77.43% in three species of Nepeta (Atlantica, Tuberosa ssp reticulata, and Cataria) and at a rate of approximately 39.44% in the species granatensis. Concerning the antifungal activity, Nepeta atlantica, Nepeta cataria and show Nepeta tuberosa higher activity than Nepeta granatensis, this might suggest that the antifungal activity of these species is directly correlated to their content 4aα, 7α, 7aβ-nepetalactone.