Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are characterized by progressive neuronal loss and pathological accumulation of some proteins. Developing new biomarkers for both diseases is highly important for the early diagnosis and possible development of neuro-protective strategies. Serum antibodies (AIAs) against neuronal proteins are potential biomarkers for AD and PD that may be formed in response to their release into systemic circulation after brain damage. In the present study, two AIAs (tubulin and tau) were measured in sera of patients of PD and AD, compared to healthy controls. Results showed that both antibodies were elevated in patients with PD and AD compared to match controls. Curiously, the profile of elevation of antibodies was different in both diseases. In PD cases, tubulin and tau AIAs levels were similar. On the other hand, AD patients showed more elevation of tau AIAs compared to tubulin. Our current results suggested that AIAs panel could be able to identify cases with neuro-degeneration when compared with healthy subjects. More interestingly, it is possible to differentiate between PD and AD cases through identifying specific AIAs profile for each neurodegenerative states.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the commonest neurodegenerative diseases with late diagnosis [1,2,3] and their devastating prognosis [1,2]
We explore the possibility of using a panel of AIAs against two MTs related proteins; Tubulin (TUB) and Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau (TAU), as potential peripheral biomarkers for diagnosis of PD and AD
There is a necessity for developing biomarkers that can help in early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, including PD and AD [41]
Summary
Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are the commonest neurodegenerative diseases with late diagnosis [1,2,3] and their devastating prognosis [1,2]. AIAs for PD and AD diagnosis of PD depends on several motor manifestations, which occur 10–20 years after the beginning of neuro-degeneration and loss of over 60% of dopaminergic neurons [4]. Pathological changes of AD develop over many years before manifestations of subtle cognitive impairment [5]. This gives a very low chance for development of effective treatment. The discovery of early diagnostic biomarkers could be able to pave the way for discovering a new and effective neuro-protective strategies for these diseases [6]
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