Tuberculous infection in Saharia, a primitive tribal community of Central India

Abstract

A cross-sectional tuberculin survey was carried out to estimate the prevalence of tuberculous infection and the annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) among children of Saharia, a primitive ethnic group in Madhya Pradesh, Central India. A total of 1341 children aged 1-9 years were subjected to tuberculin testing with 1 TU of PPD RT 23 and the reaction sizes were read after 72 h. The proportion of BCG scar-positive children was 34.6%. The frequency distribution of children by reaction sizes indicated a clear-cut anti-mode at 11 mm and a mode at 18 mm at the right-hand side of the distribution. The prevalence of infection among children irrespective of BCG scar was estimated as 20.4% (95% CI 18.2-22.5%) and the ARTI was 3.9% (95% CI 3.5-4.3%). The corresponding figures were 21.1% (95% CI 18.3-23.8%) and 3.9% (95% CI 3.4-4.5%) among BCG scar-negative children and 19.0% (95% CI 15.4-22.5%) and 4.0% (95% CI 3.2-4.8%) among BCG scar-positive children. The findings of the present study show a high prevalence of tuberculous infection and high ARTI in this primitive ethnic group. There is an urgent need to further intensify tuberculosis control measures on a sustained and long-term basis in this area.