Abstract
BackgroundDespite the availability of effective drugs, tuberculosis remains a major public health problem that predominantly affects low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess tuberculosis treatment outcomes among patients treated at one of the primary health care levels in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tuberculosis clinic in public primary healthcare facility. The study populations were all patients with tuberculosis who had been completed their treatment course in the center from July 2014 to July 2018. After getting Ethical clearance and permission from the health center, trained data collectors working in the center were recruited. The collected data were checked for completeness every day by the principal investigators. Data were edited, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data while multinomial logistic regression was employed to explore associations among variables of interest, and p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsA total of 352 patients with tuberculosis were included for the study with a median age of 25 years which ranged from 1 to79 year. Most (36.4%) participants were in the age group of 15 to 24 years. The majority (38.8%) of patients had extrapulmonary tuberculosis, 11.9% of them were HIV positive and only two had family history of tuberculosis. Regarding treatment outcome, 238(67.6%) completed the treatment, 95(27%) cured and the rest were unsuccessful treatment outcomes 19(5.4%) either died, defaulted or treatment failed. The odds ratio for cured in relation to unsuccessful treatment outcome was found to be significantly higher in HIV negative patients (AOR = 6.1; 95%CI 2.1–13.9) compared with those patients tested positive for HIV. While patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR = 10.5, 95% CI 5.36–16.31) were significantly associated with the odds of having complete treatment cure as compared to patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Similarly being HIV positive and extrapulmonary tuberculosis were predicting factors for unsuccessful treatment compared with their counterparts.ConclusionsThe finding of the present study showed that successful tuberculosis treatment outcome was found to be optimal.
Highlights
Ethiopia, the 2nd populous country in Africa, is highly affected by tuberculosis (TB) and ranked as 3rd in Africa and 7th among the 22 high TB burdened countries in the world [1]
All patients treated from July 2014 to July 2018 with complete medical records, who completed their course of treatment or defaulted from their treatment during the study period were included for the study
The odds of cured was significantly higher in HIVnegative patients (AOR = 6.1; 95%CI 2.1–13.9, p = 0.045) compared with those patients tested positive for Human immune deficiency virus (HIV)
Summary
The 2nd populous country in Africa, is highly affected by tuberculosis (TB) and ranked as 3rd in Africa and 7th among the 22 high TB burdened countries in the world [1]. The TB prevalence and mortality rates were reduced by > 50% compared to the 1990 baseline values This might be the fact that considering TB is one of the major public health challenges for the country, the Federal Ministry of Health had given due attention and include TB prevention and control among major priority programs [4]. The internationally recommended DOTS strategy for TB control has been recognized as a highly efficient and costeffective strategy It comprises five components namely; sustained political and financial commitment, diagnosis by quality ensured sputum-smear microscopy, standardized short-course anti-TB treatment given under direct and supportive observation, a regular, uninterrupted supply of high quality anti-TB drugs and standardized recording and reporting [4, 5]. This study aimed to assess tuberculosis treatment outcomes among patients treated at one of the primary health care levels in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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