Abstract
The construction and performance of a second generation of super dielectric material based electrostatic capacitors (EC), with energy density greater than 200 J·cm−3, which rival the best reported energy density of electric double layer capacitors (EDLC), also known as supercapacitors, are reported. The first generation super dielectric materials (SDM) are multi-material mixtures with dielectric constants greater than 1.0 × 105, composed of a porous, electrically insulating powder filled with a polarizable, ion-containing liquid. Second-generation SDMs (TSDM), introduced here, are anodic titania nanotube arrays filled with concentrated aqueous salt solutions. Capacitors using TiO2 based TSDM were found to have dielectric constants at ~0 Hz greater than 107 in all cases, a maximum operating voltage of greater than 2 volts and remarkable energy density that surpasses the highest previously reported for EC capacitors by approximately one order of magnitude. A simple model based on the classic ponderable media model was shown to be largely consistent with data from nine EC type capacitors employing TSDM.
Highlights
At present there is a world-wide focus on improving the energy density of capacitors for a variety of reasons, from buffering power surges in order to improve battery life in vehicles and satellites to Materials 2015, 8 storing energy from episodic energy sources such as solar and wind
In this report we demonstrate a new type of energy storage capacitor: tube super dielectric materials (TSDM) in electrostatic capacitors (EC) enabling energy density greater than 200 Jcm3
This study study of of the the dielectric dielectric constants constants and and electrical electrical energy energy density density of of novel novel paradigm
Summary
At present there is a world-wide focus on improving the energy density of capacitors for a variety of reasons, from buffering power surges in order to improve battery life in vehicles and satellites to Materials 2015, 8 storing energy from episodic energy sources such as solar and wind. In this report we demonstrate a new type of energy storage capacitor: tube super dielectric materials (TSDM) in electrostatic capacitors (EC) enabling energy density greater than 200 Jcm. Two prior reports demonstrate the existence of material in this category In both cases the material studied consisted of high surface area porous alumina powder, filled to the point of incipient wetness with water containing high concentrations of dissolved ions: boric acid in one case [1], and dissolved sodium chloride in the other [2]. A simple quantitative version of this theory was developed in earlier work It predicted that the SDM would have dielectric constants thousands of times greater than that of the best solid material, barium titanate. The relationship between between salt concentration and energy be more complex
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