Abstract

纽结是链状物中的常见现象,既存在于耳机线等宏观物体,也存在于微观链状分子,包括DNA和蛋白质。近年来,实验观察到高分子纽结能显著改变力学、流变、催化、生物功能等性质,但是对高分子纽结的理论认识和解析推导较少,导致对纽结现象机理理解不足。理论研究的难点在于,纽结构象空间复杂,难以用统计物理理论进行严格解析推导。为解决该问题,我们发展纽结管子模型对纽结体系进行理论简化,将纽结问题转化成管子限制问题,使理论推导变得可行。基于该管子模型,结合蒙特卡洛模拟、分子动力学模拟、链生长法以及特定管子生成算法,我们将理论模型中的管子实物化、可视化和定量化,并得到管子形状和直径等参数。我们发现纽结管子是优美协调的心形。另外,基于该管子模型,结合受限链的标度行为,我们推导各种条件下高分子纽结的自由能、概率、纽结大小分布等性质,与模拟和实验结果吻合。在本专题论述中,我们将介绍本课题组近几年得到的高分子纽结研究结果。

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