Tube cystostomy for management of obstructive urolithiasis in ruminants

P Tamilmahan,M M S Zama,M Gopi,Rashmi Rashmi,A Mohsina,M B Gugjoo,K Karthik

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2014.234-239

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the simple tube cystostomy procedure for management of urethral obstruction cases in ruminants. Materials and Methods: Tube cystostomy was used to treat a total of 58 ruminants, which included 35 buffalo calves and 23 goats. Diagnosis of the disease was made with the history of anuria, clinical signs, and physical examinations. Physical parameters like heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature dehydration status of animals by skin tenting test, and intraoperative findings were compared. Results: Young ruminants were most commonly affected and the mean age was 4-5 months in both species. Only male were considered for the study in which buffalo calves were not castrated but in goat's 73.91% animal were castrated and 34.7% not castrated. Rupture of bladder was more common in buffalo calves as compared to goats. The confirmed cases of obstructive urolithiasis were selected for tube cystostomy with Foley's catheter. Postoperatively all cases were administered with broad spectrum antibiotic, anti-inflammatory agent, and caliculolytic agents like ammonium chloride. Postoperative complications recorded only in 10 animals and remaining 48 animals had an uneventful recovery. Conclusion: Tube cystostomy is a simple and effective procedure particularly in intact urinary bladder, which can be adopted at field level.

Highlights

Urolithiasis describes the concretion of urinary calculi or organic compound, which may lodge anywhere in the urinary system but most frequently at the distal end of sigmoid flexure in ruminants, and causes subsequent urine flow obstruction [1, 2]
The confirmed cases of obstructive urolithiasis were selected for tube cystostomy with Foley's catheter
Tube cystostomy is a simple and effective procedure in intact urinary bladder, which can be adopted at field level

Summary

Introduction

Urolithiasis describes the concretion of urinary calculi or organic compound, which may lodge anywhere in the urinary system but most frequently at the distal end of sigmoid flexure in ruminants, and causes subsequent urine flow obstruction [1, 2]. Occurrence of urolithiasis is significantly more common in male ruminants compared to females due to their anatomical conformation of the urethral tract [3]. The Female have short, wide, and straight urethra while the male has long, narrow and tortuous urethra which makes them more prone to urethral obstruction, distal aspect of the sigmoid flexure in bovines and urethral process in sheep and goats. The decreased urethral orifice is a major predisposing factor for obstructive urolithiasis [3]. Calculi formation usually results from a combination of nutritional, physiological, geographical, seasonal, age, sex and management factors [4]

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