Abstract
AbstractThe accurate modeling of the landslide‐generated tsunami characteristics in the so‐called near‐field is crucial for many practical applications. In this paper, we present a new full‐3‐D numerical method for modeling tsunamis generated by rigid and impermeable landslides in OpenFOAM® based on the overset mesh technique. The approach has been successfully validated through the numerical reproduction of past experiments for landslide‐generated tsunamis triggered by a rigid and impermeable wedge at a sloping coast. The method has been applied to perform a detailed numerical study of the near‐field wave features induced by submerged landslides. A parametric analysis has been carried out to explore the importance of the landslide's initial acceleration, directly related to the landslide‐triggering mechanisms, on the tsunami generation process and on the related wave properties. Near‐field analysis of the numerical results confirms that the influence of the initial acceleration on the tsunami wave properties is significant, affecting wave height, wave period, and wave celerity. Furthermore, it is found that the tsunami generation mechanism experiences a saturation effect for increasing landslide's initial acceleration, confirming and extending previous studies. Moreover, the resulting extended database, composed of previous experimental data and new numerical ones, spanning a wider range of governing parameters, has been represented in the form of a “nondimensional wavemaker curve,” and a new relationship for predicting the wave properties in the near‐field as a function of the Hammack number is proposed.
Highlights
Impulsive waves can be generated by sudden displacements of volumes of water induced by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, impacts of asteroids, and gradients of atmospheric pressure (Løvholt et al, 2015)
We present a new full‐3‐D numerical method for modeling tsunamis generated by rigid and impermeable landslides in OpenFOAM® based on the overset mesh technique
We modeled the sloping coast as a porous media characterized by a very low permeability in order to simulate an impermeable surface, as shown in the right panel of Figure 2
Summary
Impulsive waves (i.e., tsunamis) can be generated by sudden displacements of volumes of water induced by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, impacts of asteroids, and gradients of atmospheric pressure (Løvholt et al, 2015). Among these triggering mechanisms, landslides assume a relevant role, especially as far as confined geometries are concerned (e.g., bays, reservoirs, lakes, and fjords). Looking at the lower panel (ηWG3), the free‐surface elevation time series firstly exhibits a wave trough followed by a wave crest, jointly induced by the rebound of the first wave trough and by the piston‐like mechanism, which is a peculiar feature of the waves generated by submerged landslides.
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