Abstract
Most of the tsunami modelling studies have been carried out within the framework of incompressible fluid theory. Estimations we made show that this approach quite appropriately describes the stages of tsunami propagation and run-up, whereas incompressible fluid theory fails to describe the process of tsunami generation properly. Comparative studies of wave generation by piston bottom displacements in compressible and incompressible fluids have been carried out within the framework of linear potential theory. The analysis of exact analytical solutions to the problem has shown that a substantial difference exists between the behaviour of compressible and incompressible fluids under typical tsunami source conditions. It was also shown that bottom displacements of seismic origin must give rise to standing acoustic waves in the source region. As a result each tsunami should have its own “voice”, the characteristics of which depend on bottom topography, sediment features and on the time history and spatial structure of the bottom displacement. This “voice” may serve as an additional important tool for tsunami forecasting.
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