Abstract
Abstract. An innovative newly developed modular and standards based Decision Support System (DSS) is presented which forms part of the German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS). The GITEWS project stems from the effort to implement an effective and efficient Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System for the coast of Indonesia facing the Sunda Arc along the islands of Sumatra, Java and Bali. The geological setting along an active continental margin which is very close to densely populated areas is a particularly difficult one to cope with, because potential tsunamis' travel times are thus inherently short. National policies require an initial warning to be issued within the first five minutes after an earthquake has occurred. There is an urgent requirement for an end-to-end solution where the decision support takes the entire warning chain into account. The system of choice is based on pre-computed scenario simulations and rule-based decision support which is delivered to the decision maker through a sophisticated graphical user interface (GUI) using information fusion and fast information aggregation to create situational awareness in the shortest time possible. The system also contains risk and vulnerability information which was designed with the far end of the warning chain in mind – it enables the decision maker to base his acceptance (or refusal) of the supported decision also on regionally differentiated risk and vulnerability information (see Strunz et al., 2010). While the system strives to provide a warning as quickly as possible, it is not in its proper responsibility to send and disseminate the warning to the recipients. The DSS only broadcasts its messages to a dissemination system (and possibly any other dissemination system) which is operated under the responsibility of BMKG – the meteorological, climatological and geophysical service of Indonesia – which also hosts the tsunami early warning center. The system is to be seen as one step towards the development of a "system of systems" enabling all countries around the Indian Ocean to have such early warning systems in place. It is within the responsibility of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceonographic Commission (IOC) and in particular its Intergovernmental Coordinating Group (ICG) to coordinate and give recommendations for such a development. Therefore the Decision Support System presented here is designed to be modular, extensible and interoperable (Raape et al., 2010).
Highlights
The occurrence and after-effects of the vast tsunami on 26 December 2004 in the Indian Ocean which killed almost one quarter of a million people in Southeast Asia set the scene for a large scale effort of various German and Indonesian research institutions in tsunami research
This paper describes the challenge of very short warning times for the particular geological setting of near-field tsunamis, the Decision Support System (DSS) and the underlying sensor system input as a technical solution and the principles the DSS is based on
Decision support has to deal with a high uncertainty due to the inherent lack of sufficient data in the first minutes and technical difficulties, and with culturally and hierarchically implied pressure which is put on the decision maker
Summary
The occurrence and after-effects of the vast tsunami on 26 December 2004 in the Indian Ocean which killed almost one quarter of a million people in Southeast Asia set the scene for a large scale effort of various German and Indonesian research institutions in tsunami research. It deals with the possibilities of issuing an effective early warning using newly developed sensor, modelling and assessment frameworks (Rudloff et al, 2009). It is up to external dissemination systems upheld by BMKG to disseminate the warnings to pre-configured receivers
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