Abstract
AbstractIn this chapter, I proposed a modified tsunami data assimilation method for regions with a sparse observation network. The method uses interpolated waveforms at virtual stations to construct the complete wavefront for tsunami propagation. The artificial tsunami waveforms at the virtual stations between two existing observational stations could be estimated by shifting arrival times with linear interpolation of observed arrival times and by correcting the amplitudes using water depths. This was based on the assumption that tsunamis propagate as a plane wave, and that the wavefront is nearly a straight line. After computing the waveforms for virtual stations, the data assimilation algorithm was applied to real and virtual stations. Its application to the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake, the 2009 Dusky Sound, New Zealand earthquake, and the 2015 Illapel earthquake revealed that adopting virtual stations greatly improved the tsunami forecast accuracy for regions without a dense observation network.KeywordsHuygens–Fresnel principlePlane waveLinear interpolationEngineering costCharacteristic distance
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