Abstract
Peripheral sterile inflammatory diseases (PSIDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that gathers several chronic insults involving the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, or musculoskeletal system and wherein inflammation is the cornerstone of the pathophysiology. In PSID, timely characterization and localization of inflammatory foci are crucial for an adequate care for patients. In brain diseases, in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) exploration of inflammation has matured over the last 20 years, through the development of radiopharmaceuticals targeting the translocator protein-18 kDa (TSPO) as molecular biomarkers of activated microglia. Recently, TSPO has been introduced as a possible molecular target for PSIDs PET imaging, making this protein a potential biomarker to address disease heterogeneity, to assist in patient stratification, and to contribute to predicting treatment response. In this review, we summarized the major research advances recently made in the field of TSPO PET imaging in PSIDs. Promising preliminary results have been reported in bowel, cardiovascular, and rheumatic inflammatory diseases, consolidated by preclinical studies. Limitations of TSPO PET imaging in PSIDs, regarding both its large expression in healthy peripheral tissues, unlike in central nervous system, and the production of peripheral radiolabeled metabolites, are also discussed, regarding their possible consequences on TSPO PET signal's quantification.
Highlights
Peripheral sterile inflammatory diseases (PSIDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders that gathers several chronic insults involving the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, or musculoskeletal system and wherein inflammation is the cornerstone of the pathophysiology
We summarized the major research advances recently made in the field of translocator protein-18 kDa (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in PSIDs
We focus on the most recent preclinical and clinical applications of TSPO PET imaging in PSIDs and discuss the potential added value in the clinical practice
Summary
Inflammation and its protagonist, inflammatory cells, act as the initial host defense to struggle against infection and injury. Immune system diseases can be dichotomized into autoimmune disorders, in which several actors lead to intrinsic hyperactivity of sensor/pattern-recognition receptor function, causing exacerbate and dysregulated immune response [1] and immunodeficiency diseases (i.e., inherited/primary or acquired/secondary), characterized by an inability of immune system to contain infectious disease and cancer development [2]. In both cases, the inflammatory processes are unappropriated; this explains the paradoxical relationship between immunodeficiency diseases and autoimmunity [3]. We focus on the most recent preclinical and clinical applications of TSPO PET imaging in PSIDs and discuss the potential added value in the clinical practice
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
