Abstract
Over 70% of Uganda is infested by the tsetse fly, which has negative effects on human and livestock health. From colonial to post-independent Uganda, the Government of Uganda has worked to eradicate the tsetse menace. Despite these efforts, recent veterinary reports from the Karamoja sub-region have indicated widespread tsetse invasion. This study investigated the potential impact of tsetse invasion on the socioecological resilience of pastoral communities in the Karamoja sub-region. Results indicated that tsetse invasion is spreading from north to south of Karamoja. The tsetse transmission route emerging from southern Karamoja is perceived to be a continuation of the tsetse belt from West Pokot, Kenya. Cases of livestock deaths, livestock abortions, decreased milk yields, restricted access to prime grazing lands, heightened human-wildlife conflicts and disruption on crop cultivation have been reported. A computed socioecological resilience index in the study area was positive but low. Owing to the transboundary characteristics of tsetse invasions and sources and the associated documented effects, an urgent, strategic and system-wide intervention should be undertaken to control the tsetse invasion in this sub-region.
Highlights
Trypanosomiasis transmitted by tsetse flies continues to constitute a major factor limiting rural development in vast areas of tropical Africa and affects 37 countries in sub-SaharanAfrica (Figure 1)
Morsitans is mainly found in savannahs dominated by woodlands and scattered thickets [2]. These haematophagous vectors are responsible for transmitting animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) and human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), known as livestock nagana and sleeping sickness, respectively [3]
The two districts were selected because invasion reports by the District Veterinary Officers in the sub-region indicated that the two districts were most affected
Summary
Trypanosomiasis transmitted by tsetse flies (genus Glossina) continues to constitute a major factor limiting rural development in vast areas of tropical Africa and affects 37 countries in sub-SaharanAfrica (Figure 1). Trypanosomiasis transmitted by tsetse flies (genus Glossina) continues to constitute a major factor limiting rural development in vast areas of tropical Africa and affects 37 countries in sub-Saharan. Three types of tsetse flies are found in Africa: Palpalis in riverine habitats and. Morsitans is mainly found in savannahs dominated by woodlands and scattered thickets [2]. These haematophagous vectors are responsible for transmitting animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) and human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), known as livestock nagana and sleeping sickness, respectively [3]. Dehydration, jaundice, dyspnoea, hypoxaemia, Sustainability 2019, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW generalised oedema and oliguria have been observed [6].
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