Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi the etiological agent of American Trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease (ChD) is transmitted by triatomines vectors between mammals including man. T. cruzi has existed for circa 150 Ma in the Americas and nearly 10 million people are currently infected. The overlap between wild and domestic ecotopes where T. cruzi circulates is increasing. Host–parasite interactions have been determined by infection patterns in these cycles, all under natural or laboratorial conditions. This mini-review describes specific parasite niches, such as plant communities or biological corridors between domestic and wild landscapes, in order to help identify risk factors for ChD and define the boundaries between wild and domestic transmission cycles, with an emphasis on research undertaken in Venezuela.
Highlights
Parasites and their hosts form part of trophic webs and may be considered bioindicators of climate changes and anthropogenic impacts [1]
American trypanosomiasis (AT) or Chagas disease (ChD) is a complex parasitosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae), which can be dispersed by enzootic or anthroponotic routes in trophic webs, which involve several mammals groups including human beings (Figure 1)
PCR amplification of the D7 divergent domain of the 24S rRNA genes; the non-transcribed spacer of mini-exon genes and the size-variable domain of the 18S rRNA genes confirmed that 98% of the R. prolixus and 70% of the T. maculata individuals were infected by T. cruzi–T. cruzi I (TcI)
Summary
Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Institute of Tropical Zoology and Ecology, Science Faculty, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela. Trypanosoma cruzi the etiological agent of American Trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease (ChD) is transmitted by triatomines vectors between mammals including man. T. cruzi has existed for circa 150 Ma in the Americas and nearly 10 million people are currently infected. Host–parasite interactions have been determined by infection patterns in these cycles, all under natural or laboratorial conditions. This mini-review describes specific parasite niches, such as plant communities or biological corridors between domestic and wild landscapes, in order to help identify risk factors for ChD and define the boundaries between wild and domestic transmission cycles, with an emphasis on research undertaken in Venezuela
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