Abstract
ObjectiveThe major purpose of this study was to determine the specific muscle(s) for superior sprint performance in sprinters. The cross sectional areas (CSAs) of ten muscles of the trunk and lower limb were measured using magnetic resonance images in 56 male sprinters and 40 male non-sprinters. In addition to the absolute CSA, to minimize the effect of difference in body size among participants, the relative CSA normalized to body mass was used for analysis of this study.ResultsAbsolute and relative CSAs of most trunk and lower limb muscles, including the psoas major (PM) and gluteus maximus (GM), were significantly larger in sprinters than in non-sprinters (all P < 0.001, d = 0.91 to 1.82). The absolute and relative CSAs of the PM and GM correlated significantly with personal best 100-m sprint time in sprinters (r = − 0.363 to − 0.388, all P < 0.01). A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that both CSAs of absolute PM and relative GM were predictive variables for the personal best 100 m sprint time in sprinters (β = − 0.289 and − 0.287, respectively, both P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the PM and GM may be specific muscles for superior sprint performance in sprinters.
Highlights
The generation of large torques by muscles crossing the hip, knee, and ankle joints is necessary for superior sprint performance in sprinters [1]
A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that both cross-sectional areas (CSA) of absolute psoas major (PM) and relative gluteus maximus (GM) were predictive variables for the personal best 100-m sprint time in sprinters (β = − 0.289 and − 0.287, respectively, both P < 0.05)
A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that both CSAs of absolute PM and the relative GM were predictive variables of the personal best 100-m sprint time
Summary
The absolute and relative CSAs of only the PM and GM correlated significantly with personal best 100-m sprint time in sprinters (r = − 0.363 to − 0.388, all P < 0.01). A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that both CSAs of absolute PM and relative GM were predictive variables for the personal best 100-m sprint time in sprinters (β = − 0.289 and − 0.287, respectively, both P < 0.05).
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